과불화옥탄산

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Perfluorooctanoic acid

이름
IUPAC 이름 pentadecafluorooctanoic acid
별칭 perfluorooctanoic acid, PFOA, C8, perfluorooctanoate, perfluorocaprylic acid, FC-143, F-n-octanoic acid, PFO
식별자
CAS 번호
3D 모델 (JSmol)
3DMet
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
DrugBank
ECHA InfoCard
EC 번호
식품 첨가물 코드 번호
IUPHAR/BPS
KEGG
PubChem CID
RTECS 번호
UNII
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
성질
화학식	C8HF15O2
몰 질량	414.07 g/mol
겉보기	White solid
밀도	1.8 g/cm3
녹는점
끓는점
물에서의 용해도	soluble, 9.5 g/L (PFO)
other solvents에서의 용해도	polar organic solvents
산성도 (pKa)	~0
위험
주요 위험	Strong Acid, Causes Burns, Teratogenic, Carcinogenic
물질 안전 보건 자료
신호어	danger
NFPA 704 (파이어 다이아몬드)	<imagemap> File:NFPA 704.svg|80px|alt=NFPA 704 four-colored diamond poly 300 0 450 150 300 300 150 150 Flammability code 0: Will not burn. E.g. water poly 150 150 300 300 150 450 0 300 Health code 3: Short exposure could cause serious temporary or residual injury. E.g. chlorine gas poly 450 150 600 300 450 450 300 300 Reactivity code 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g. liquid nitrogen poly 300 300 450 450 300 600 150 450 Special hazards (white): no code desc none </imagemap> 0 3 0
관련 화합물
관련 compounds	Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), Perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), Perfluorooctanesulfonamide (PFOSA), Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA)
달리 명시된 경우를 제외하면, 표준상태(25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa)에서 물질의 정보가 제공됨.
예 유효성 확인 (관련 정보 예아니오)
정보상자 각주

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) (conjugate base perfluorooctanoate)—also known as C8—is a perfluorinated carboxylic acid produced and used worldwide as an industrial surfactant in chemical processes and as a material feedstock, and is a health concern and subject to regulatory action and voluntary industrial phase-outs. PFOA is considered a surfactant, or fluorosurfactant, due to its chemical structure consisting of a perfluorinated, n-octyl "tail group" and a carboxylate "head group". The head group can be described as hydrophilic while the fluorocarbon tail is both hydrophobic and lipophobic. The tail group is inert and does not interact strongly with polar or non-polar chemical moieties; the head group is reactive and interacts strongly with polar groups, specifically water. The "tail" is hydrophobic due to being non-polar and lipophobic because fluorocarbons are less susceptible to the London dispersion force than hydrocarbons.

PFOA is used for several industrial applications, including carpeting, upholstery, apparel, floor wax, textiles, fire fighting foam and sealants. PFOA serves as a surfactant in the emulsion polymerization of fluoropolymers and as a building block for the synthesis of perfluoroalkyl-substituted compounds, polymers, and polymeric materials. PFOA has been manufactured since the 1940s in industrial quantities. It is also formed by the degradation of precursors such as some fluorotelomers. PFOA is used as a surfactant because it can lower the surface tension of water more than hydrocarbon surfactants while having exceptional stability due to having perfluoroalkyl tail group. The stability of PFOA is desired industrially but is a cause of concern environmentally.

A study of workers living near a DuPont Teflon plant found an association between PFOA exposure and two kinds of cancer as well as four other diseases. A positive exposure-response trend for kidney cancer is supported by many studies. PFOA has been detected in the blood of more than 98% of the general US population in the low and sub-parts per billion (ppb) range, and levels are higher in chemical plant employees and surrounding subpopulations. How general populations are exposed to PFOA is not completely understood. PFOA has been detected in industrial waste, stain-resistant carpets, carpet-cleaning liquids, house dust, microwave popcorn bags, water, food, and Teflon (PTFE) products.

As a result of a class-action lawsuit and community settlement with DuPont, three epidemiologists conducted studies on the population surrounding a chemical plant that was exposed to PFOA at levels greater than in the general population. Studies have found correlation between high PFOA exposure and six health outcomes: kidney cancer, testicular cancer, ulcerative colitis, thyroid disease, hypercholesterolemia (high cholesterol), and pregnancy-induced hypertension.

The primary manufacturer of PFOS, the 3M Company (known as Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company from 1902 to 2002), began a production phase-out in 2002 in response to concerns expressed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).^:2 Eight other companies agreed to gradually phase out the manufacturing of the chemical by 2015.^:3

By 2014, EPA had listed PFOA and perfluorooctanesulfonates (salts of perfluorooctanesulfonic acid, PFOS) as emergent contaminants:

PFOA and PFOS are extremely persistent in the environment and resistant to typical environmental degradation processes. [They] are widely distributed across the higher trophic levels and are found in soil, air and groundwater at sites across the United States. The toxicity, mobility and bioaccumulation potential of PFOS and PFOA pose potential adverse effects for the environment and human health.^:1

각주

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