WHO 어린이 필수 의약품 목록
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the adult list에 관해서는 WHO Model List of Essential Medicines 문서를 보십시오.The WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children (aka Essential Medicines List for Children[1] or EMLc[1]), published by the 세계보건기구 (WHO), contains the medications considered to be most effective and safe in children up to twelve years of age to meet the most important needs in a 의료제도.[2][3]
The list is divided into core items and complementary items.[4] The core items are deemed to be the most cost-effective options for key health problems and are usable with little additional health care resources.[4] The complementary items either require additional infrastructure such as specially trained health care providers or diagnostic equipment or have a lower cost–benefit ratio.[4]
The first list for children was created in 2007, and the list is in its 8th edition 2021년 기준[update].[5][4][6]
Note: An α indicates a medicine is on the complementary list.[4]
Anaesthetics, preoperative medicines and medical gases[편집]
General anaesthetics and oxygen[편집]
Inhalational medicines[편집]
Injectable medicines[편집]
Local anaesthetics[편집]
Preoperative medication and sedation for short-term procedures[편집]
Medical gases[편집]
Medicines for pain and palliative care[편집]
Non-opioids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines (NSAIMs)[편집]
Opioid analgesics[편집]
Medicines for other symptoms common in palliative care[편집]
- 아미트리프틸린
- Cyclizine
- 덱사메타손
- 디아제팜
- Docusate sodium
- 플루옥세틴
- Hyoscine hydrobromide
- 락툴로오즈
- 미다졸람
- 온단세트론[note 7]
- Senna
Antiallergics and medicines used in anaphylaxis[편집]
Antidotes and other substances used in poisonings[편집]
Non-specific[편집]
Specific[편집]
Anticonvulsants/antiepileptics[편집]
- 카르바마제핀
- 디아제팜
- 라모트리진[note 11]
- 로라제팜[note 12]
- 미다졸람[note 13]
- 페노바르비탈
- 페니토인[note 14]
- Valproic acid (sodium valproate)[note 15]
- 에토석시미드α
- Valproic acid (sodium valproate)α[note 15]
Anti-infective medicines[편집]
Anthelminthics[편집]
Intestinal anthelminthics[편집]
Antifilarials[편집]
Antischistosomals and other antinematode medicines[편집]
Cysticidal medicines[편집]
Antibacterials[편집]
Access group antibiotics[편집]
- 아미카신
- 아목시실린
- 아목시실린/클라불란산 (아목시실린 + 클라불란산)
- 암피실린
- 벤자틴 벤질페니실린
- 벤질페니실린
- 세팔렉신
- 세파졸린[note 17]
- 클로람페니콜[note 18]
- 클린다마이신
- 클록사실린[note 19][note 20]
- 독시사이클린[note 21]
- 겐타마이신
- 메트로니다졸
- Nitrofurantoin
- 페녹시메틸 페니실린 (penicillin V)
- Procaine benzylpenicillin[note 22]
- Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (설파메톡사졸 + 트리메토프림)
- 트리메토프림
Watch group antibiotics[편집]
- 아지트로마이신
- 세픽심
- Cefotaxime[note 23]
- 세프트리악손[note 24][note 25]
- Cefuroxime
- 시프로플록사신
- 클래리스로마이신[note 26]
- Piperacillin/tazobactam (piperacillin + tazobactam)
- 반코마이신
- Ceftazidimeα
- Meropenemα[note 27]
- 반코마이신α
Reserve group antibiotics[편집]
Reserve antibiotics are last-resort antibiotics. The EML antibiotic book was published in 2022.[7][8][9]
Antileprosy medicines[편집]
Antituberculosis medicines[편집]
- 에탐부톨
- 이소니아지드
- Isoniazid/pyrazinamide/rifampicin (이소니아지드 + 피라진아마이드 + 리팜피신)
- Isoniazid/rifampicin (이소니아지드 + 리팜피신)
- Isoniazid/rifapentine (이소니아지드 + rifapentine)
- 피라진아마이드
- 리팜피신
- Rifapentine
- 아미카신α
- 아목시실린/클라불란산 (아목시실린 + 클라불란산)α[note 28]
- Bedaquilineα
- 클로파지민α
- 사이클로세린α[note 29]
- Delamanidα
- Ethionamideα[note 30]
- 레보플록사신α
- 리네졸리드α
- Meropenemα
- 목시플록사신α
- P-aminosalicylic acidα
- 스트렙토마이신α
Antifungal medicines[편집]
- 암포테리신 B
- 플루코나졸
- Flucytosine
- Griseofulvin
- 이트라코나졸[note 31]
- 니스타틴
- Voriconazole[note 32]
- Micafunginα[note 33]
- 아이오딘화 칼륨α
Antiviral medicines[편집]
Antiherpes medicines[편집]
Antiretrovirals[편집]
Nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors[편집]
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors[편집]
Protease inhibitors[편집]
- 다루나비르
- 로피나비르/리토나비르 (로피나비르 + 리토나비르)
- 리토나비르
Integrase inhibitors[편집]
Fixed-dose combinations of antiretroviral medicines[편집]
[편집]
Other antivirals[편집]
Antihepatitis medicines[편집]
Medicines for hepatitis B[편집]
Nucleoside/Nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors[편집]
Medicines for hepatitis C[편집]
Pangenotypic direct-acting antiviral combinations[편집]
- Daclatasvir[note 38]
- Daclatasvir/sofosbuvir (daclatasvir + sofosbuvir)
- Glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (glecaprevir + pibrentasvir)
- Sofosbuvir[note 39]
- Sofosbuvir/velpatasvir (sofosbuvir + velpatasvir)
Non-pangenotypic direct-acting antiviral combinations[편집]
No listings in this section.
Other antivirals for hepatitis C[편집]
No listings in this section.
Antiprotozoal medicines[편집]
Antiamoebic and antigiardiasis medicines[편집]
Antileishmaniasis medicines[편집]
Antimalarial medicines[편집]
For curative treatment[편집]
- Amodiaquine[note 41]
- Artemether[note 42]
- Artemether/lumefantrine (artemether + lumefantrine)[note 43]
- Artesunate[note 44]
- Artesunate/amodiaquine (artesunate + amodiaquine)[note 45]
- Artesunate/mefloquine (artesunate + mefloquine)
- Artesunate/pyronaridine tetraphosphate (artesunate + pyronaridine tetraphosphate)
- 클로로퀸[note 46]
- Dihydroartemisinin/piperaquine phosphate (dihydroartemisinin + piperaquine phosphate)
- 독시사이클린[note 47]
- 메플로퀸[note 48]
- Primaquine[note 49]
- 퀴닌[note 50]
- Sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine (sulfadoxine + pyrimethamine)[note 51]
For chemoprevention[편집]
- Amodiaquine + sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine (Co-packaged)
- 클로로퀸[note 52]
- 독시사이클린
- 메플로퀸
- Proguanil[note 53]
- Sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine (sulfadoxine + pyrimethamine)
Antipneumocystosis and antitoxoplasmosis medicines[편집]
Antitrypanosomal medicines[편집]
African trypanosomiasis[편집]
1st stage[편집]
2nd stage[편집]
American trypanosomiasis[편집]
Medicines for ectoparasitic infections[편집]
Antimigraine medicines[편집]
For treatment of acute attack[편집]
For prophylaxis[편집]
Immunomodulators and Antineoplastics[편집]
Immunomodulators for non-malignant disease[편집]
Antineoplastic and supportive medicines[편집]
Cytotoxic medicines[편집]
- 삼산화 이비소α
- Asparaginaseα[note 60]
- 블레오마이신α
- Calcium folinateα
- 카보플라틴α
- 시스플라틴α
- 시클로포스파미드α
- Cytarabineα
- 다카바진α
- 닥티노마이신α
- 다우노루비신α
- 독소루비신α
- 에토포시드α
- 플루오로유라실α
- 하이드록시카바마이드α
- Ifosfamideα
- Irinotecanα
- Mercaptopurineα
- 메토트렉세이트α
- 옥살리플라틴α
- 파클리탁셀α
- Pegaspargaseα[note 60]
- Procarbazineα
- Realgar/Indigo naturalisα
- Tioguanineα
- 빈블라스틴α
- 빈크리스틴α
- 비노렐빈α
Targeted therapies[편집]
Immunomodulators[편집]
Hormones and antihormones[편집]
Supportive medicines[편집]
Medicines affecting the blood[편집]
Antianaemia medicines[편집]
Medicines affecting coagulation[편집]
Other medicines for haemoglobinopathies[편집]
Blood products of human origin and plasma substitutes[편집]
Blood and blood components[편집]
Plasma-derived medicines[편집]
Human immunoglobulins[편집]
Blood coagulation factors[편집]
Plasma substitutes[편집]
Cardiovascular medicines[편집]
Antianginal medicines[편집]
No listings in this section.
Antiarrhythmic medicines[편집]
No listings in this section.
Antihypertensive medicines[편집]
Medicines used in heart failure[편집]
Antithrombotic medicines[편집]
No listings in this section.
Lipid-lowering agents[편집]
No listings in this section.
Dermatological medicines (topical)[편집]
Antifungal medicines[편집]
Anti-infective medicines[편집]
Anti-inflammatory and antipruritic medicines[편집]
Medicines affecting skin differentiation and proliferation[편집]
Scabicides and pediculicides[편집]
Diagnostic agents[편집]
Ophthalmic medicines[편집]
Radiocontrast media[편집]
Disinfectants and antiseptics[편집]
Antiseptics[편집]
Disinfectants[편집]
Diuretics[편집]
Gastrointestinal medicines[편집]
Antiulcer medicines[편집]
Antiemetic medicines[편집]
Anti-inflammatory medicines[편집]
No listings in this section.
Laxatives[편집]
No listings in this section.
Medicines used in diarrhoea[편집]
- Oral rehydration salts + zinc sulfate (Co-packaged)
Oral rehydration[편집]
Medicines for diarrhoea[편집]
Medicines for endocrine disorders[편집]
Adrenal hormones and synthetic substitutes[편집]
Androgens[편집]
No listings in this section.
Estrogens[편집]
No listings in this section.
Progestogens[편집]
No listings in this section.
Medicines for diabetes[편집]
Insulins[편집]
- Insulin injection (soluble)[note 60]
- Intermediate-acting insulin[note 60]
- Long-acting insulin analogues[note 81]
Oral hypoglycaemic agents[편집]
Medicines for hypoglycaemia[편집]
Thyroid hormones and antithyroid medicines[편집]
Immunologicals[편집]
Diagnostic agents[편집]
- 투베르쿨린, purified protein derivative (PPD)
Sera and immunoglobulins[편집]
- Anti-rabies virus monoclonal antibodies[note 60]
- Antivenom immunoglobulin[note 84]
- 디프테리아 항독소
- Equine rabies immunoglobulin
Vaccines[편집]
Recommendations for all
- BCG vaccine
- 디프테리아 백신
- Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine
- B형 간염 백신
- HPV 백신
- 홍역 백신
- 백일해 백신
- 폐렴구균 백신
- Poliomyelitis vaccine
- 로타바이러스 백신
- Rubella vaccine
- 파상풍 백신
Recommendations for certain regions
Recommendations for some high-risk populations
- 콜레라 백신[note 86]
- 뎅기열 백신[note 86]
- A형 간염 백신[note 86]
- Meningococcal meningitis vaccine[note 86]
- 광견병 백신[note 86]
- 장티푸스 백신[note 86]
Recommendations for immunization programmes with certain characteristics
Muscle relaxants (peripherally-acting) and cholinesterase inhibitors[편집]
Ophthalmological preparations[편집]
Anti-infective agents[편집]
Anti-inflammatory agents[편집]
Local anaesthetics[편집]
Miotics and antiglaucoma medicines[편집]
No listings in this section.
Mydriatics[편집]
- 아트로핀[note 93]
- Epinephrine (adrenaline)α
Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) preparations[편집]
No listings in this section.
Medicines for reproductive health and perinatal care[편집]
Contraceptives[편집]
No listings in this section.
Ovulation inducers[편집]
No listings in this section.
Uterotonics[편집]
No listings in this section.
Antioxytocics (tocolytics)[편집]
No listings in this section.
Other medicines administered to the mother[편집]
No listings in this section.
Medicines administered to the neonate[편집]
Peritoneal dialysis solution[편집]
- Intraperitoneal dialysis solution (of appropriate composition)α
Medicines for mental and behavioural disorders[편집]
Medicines used in psychotic disorders[편집]
Medicines used in mood disorders[편집]
Medicines used in depressive disorders[편집]
Medicines used in bipolar disorders[편집]
No listings in this section.
Medicines for anxiety disorders[편집]
No listings in this section.
Medicines used for obsessive compulsive disorders[편집]
No listings in this section.
Medicines for disorders due to psychoactive substance use[편집]
No listings in this section.
Medicines acting on the respiratory tract[편집]
Antiasthmatic medicines[편집]
- Budesonide[note 96]
- Epinephrine (adrenaline)
- 살부타몰 (albuterol)[note 97]
Solutions correcting water, electrolyte and acid-base disturbances[편집]
Oral[편집]
Parenteral[편집]
- Glucose
- Glucose with sodium chloride
- Potassium chloride
- Sodium chloride
- Sodium hydrogen carbonate
- Sodium lactate, compound solution
Miscellaneous[편집]
Vitamins and minerals[편집]
- Ascorbic acid
- 콜레칼시페롤[note 98]
- Iodine
- Multiple micronutrient powder
- 피리독신
- 레티놀
- 리보플라빈
- 티아민
- Calcium gluconateα
Ear, nose and throat medicines[편집]
Medicines for diseases of joints[편집]
Medicines used to treat gout[편집]
No listings in this section.
Disease-modifying agents used in rheumatoid disorders[편집]
Juvenile joint diseases[편집]
Dental preparations[편집]
Notes[편집]
- ↑ Thiopental may be used as an alternative depending on local availability and cost.
- ↑ No more than 30% oxygen should be used to initiate resuscitation of neonates less than or equal to 32 weeks of gestation.
- ↑ Not in children less than three months.
- ↑ Not recommended for anti‐inflammatory use due to lack of proven benefit to that effect.
- ↑ Alternatives limited to hydromorphone and 옥시코돈.
- ↑ For the management of cancer pain.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Alternatives limited to dolasetron, granisetron, palonosetron, and tropisetron
- ↑ Alternatives limited to 세티리진 and fexofenadine
- ↑ There may be a role for sedating antihistamines for limited indications.
- ↑ Alternatives limited to prednisone
- ↑ For use as adjunctive therapy for treatment-resistant partial or generalized seizures.
- ↑ Alternatives limited to 디아제팜 and 미다졸람
- ↑ For buccal administration when solution for oromucosal administration is not available.
- ↑ The presence of both 25 mg/5 mL and 30 mg/5 mL strengths on the same market would cause confusion in prescribing and dispensing and should be avoided.
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 Avoid use in pregnancy and in women and girls of child-bearing potential, unless alternative treatments are ineffective or not tolerated because of the high risk of birth defects and developmental disorders in children exposed to valproate in the womb.
- ↑ Oxamniquine is listed for use when praziquantel treatment fails.
- ↑ > 1 month.
- ↑ Only for the presumptive treatment of epidemic meningitis in children older than two years and in adults.
- ↑ Alternatives limited to 4th level ATC chemical subgroup (J01CF Beta-lactamase resistant penicillins)
- ↑ cloxacillin, dicloxacillin and flucloxacillin are preferred for oral administration due to better bioavailability.
- ↑ Use in children <8 years only for life-threatening infections when no alternative exists.
- ↑ Procaine benzylpenicillin is not recommended as first-line treatment for neonatal sepsis except in settings with high neonatal mortality, when given by trained health workers in cases where hospital care is not achievable.
- ↑ Third-generation cephalosporin of choice for use in hospitalized neonates.
- ↑ Do not administer with calcium and avoid in infants with hyperbilirubinemia.
- ↑ > 41 weeks corrected gestational age.
- ↑ 에리트로마이신 may be an alternative.
- ↑ Imipenem/cilastatin is an alternative for complicated intraabdominal infections and high-risk febrile neutropenia only, except for acute bacterial meningitis in neonates, where meropenem is preferred
- ↑ For use only in combination with meropenem.
- ↑ Terizidone may be an alternative
- ↑ 프로치온아마이드 may be used as an alternative.
- ↑ For treatment of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis, acute invasive aspergillosis, histoplasmosis, sporotrichosis, paracoccidiodomycosis, mycoses caused by T. marneffei and chromoblastomycosis; and prophylaxis of histoplasmosis and infections caused by T. marneffei in AIDS patients.
- ↑ For treatment of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis and acute invasive aspergillosis.
- ↑ Alternatives limited to anidulafungin and caspofungin
- ↑ for use in second-line regimens in accordance with WHO treatment guidelines
- ↑ For the treatment of viral haemorrhagic fevers only.
- ↑ Severe illness due to confirmed or suspected influenza virus infection in critically ill hospitalized patients
- ↑ For the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVr).
- ↑ Pangenotypic when used in combination with sofosbuvir
- ↑ Pangenotypic when used in combination with daclatasvir
- ↑ Alternatives limited to tinidazole
- ↑ To be used in combination with artesunate 50 mg.
- ↑ For use in the management of severe malaria.
- ↑ Not recommended in the first trimester of pregnancy or in children below 5 kg.
- ↑ To be used in combination with either amodiaquine, mefloquine or sulfadoxine + pyrimethamine.
- ↑ Other combinations that deliver the target doses required such as 153 mg or 200 mg (as hydrochloride) with 50 mg artesunate can be alternatives.
- ↑ For use only for the treatment of Plasmodium vivax infection.
- ↑ For use only in combination with quinine.
- ↑ To be used in combination with artesunate 50 mg.
- ↑ Only for use to achieve radical cure of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale infections, given for 14 days.
- ↑ For use only in the management of severe malaria, and should be used in combination with doxycycline.
- ↑ Only in combination with artesunate 50 mg.
- ↑ For use only for the treatment of Plasmodium vivax infection.
- ↑ For use only in combination with chloroquine.
- ↑ For the treatment of 1st and 2nd stage of human African trypanosomiasis due to Trypanosoma brucei gambiense infection.
- ↑ To be used for the treatment of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense infection.
- ↑ To be used for the treatment of the initial phase of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense infection.
- ↑ To be used for the treatment of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense infection
- ↑ Only to be used in combination with eflornithine, for the treatment of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense infection.
- ↑ etanercept and 인플릭시맵 are alternatives, including quality-assured 바이오시밀러s
- ↑ 60.0 60.1 60.2 60.3 60.4 60.5 including quality-assured biosimilars
- ↑ including quality-assured biosimilars
- ↑ Alternatives limited to prednisone
- ↑ Alternatives limited to epoetin alfa, beta and theta, darbepoetin alfa, and their quality-assured biosimilars.
- ↑ Alternatives are limited to nadroparin, dalteparin, and their quality-assured biosimilars.
- ↑ Alternatives are limited to the oral form of deferasirox.
- ↑ Polygeline, injectable solution, 3.5% is considered as equivalent.
- ↑ Alternatives limited to 4th level ATC chemical subgroup (C09AA ACE inhibitors, plain)
- ↑ Alternatives limited to 4th level ATC chemical subgroup (D01AC Imidazole and triazole derivatives) excluding combinations
- ↑ Alternatives limited to 4th level ATC chemical subgroup (D07AC Corticosteroids, potent (group III))
- ↑ Alternatives limited to 칼시트리올 and tacalcitol
- ↑ Alternatives limited to podophyllotoxin
- ↑ Alternatives limited to precipitated sulfur topical ointment
- ↑ Alternatives limited to 아트로핀 and cyclopentolate
- ↑ Alternatives limited to 프로판올
- ↑ Alternatives limited to 아이오딘
- ↑ Alternatives limited to 4th level ATC chemical subgroup (D08AE Phenol and derivatives)
- ↑ Alternatives limited to chlorothiazide and chlorthalidone
- ↑ Alternatives limited to 4th level ATC chemical subgroup (A02BC Proton pump inhibitors) excluding combinations
- ↑ Alternatives limited to 4th level ATC chemical subgroup (A02BA H2-receptor antagonists) excluding combinations
- ↑ In acute diarrhoea zinc sulfate should be used as an adjunct to oral rehydration salts
- ↑ Alternatives limited to insulin detemir, insulin degludec, and 인슐린 글라진, including quality-assured biosimilars
- ↑ Carbimazole is an alternative depending on local availability.
- ↑ For use when alternative first-line treatment is not appropriate or available
- ↑ Exact type to be defined locally.
- ↑ 85.0 85.1 85.2 Recommended for certain regions
- ↑ 86.0 86.1 86.2 86.3 86.4 86.5 Recommended for some high-risk populations
- ↑ 87.0 87.1 87.2 Recommended for immunisation programmes with certain characteristics
- ↑ Infections due to Chlamydia trachomatis or Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
- ↑ Alternatives limited to 아미카신, kanamycin, netilmicin, and tobramycin
- ↑ Alternatives limited to 4th level ATC chemical subgroup (S01AE Fluoroquinolones)
- ↑ Alternatives limited to chlortetracycline and 옥시테트라사이클린
- ↑ Alternatives limited to 4th level ATC chemical subgroup (S01HA Local anaesthetics) excluding cocaine and combinations
- ↑ Alternatives limited to homatropine hydrobromide or cyclopentolate hydrochloride.
- ↑ Alternatives limited to 인도메타신
- ↑ Alternatives limited to prostaglandin E2
- ↑ Alternatives limited to beclometasone, ciclesonide, flunisolide, 플루티카손, and mometasone
- ↑ Alternatives limited to 터부탈린
- ↑ 에르고칼시페롤 can be used as an alternative.
- ↑ Alternatives limited to ofloxacin
- ↑ For use for rheumatic fever, juvenile arthritis, Kawasaki disease
References[편집]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 스크립트 오류: "citation/CS1" 모듈이 없습니다.
- ↑ 스크립트 오류: "citation/CS1" 모듈이 없습니다.
- ↑ 스크립트 오류: "citation/CS1" 모듈이 없습니다.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 스크립트 오류: "citation/CS1" 모듈이 없습니다.
- ↑ 스크립트 오류: "citation/CS1" 모듈이 없습니다.
- ↑ 스크립트 오류: "citation/CS1" 모듈이 없습니다.
- ↑ 스크립트 오류: "citation/CS1" 모듈이 없습니다.
- ↑ 스크립트 오류: "citation/CS1" 모듈이 없습니다.
- ↑ 스크립트 오류: "citation/CS1" 모듈이 없습니다.
Further reading[편집]
- 스크립트 오류: "citation/CS1" 모듈이 없습니다.
- 스크립트 오류: "citation/CS1" 모듈이 없습니다.
- 스크립트 오류: "citation/CS1" 모듈이 없습니다.
External links[편집]
스크립트 오류: "URL" 모듈이 없습니다.
스크립트 오류: "Portal bar" 모듈이 없습니다.
en:WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children
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